Charles V's daughter Margaret of Parma, who has acted as regent of the Netherlands for the past eight years, resigns this position to the Duke of Alva, who begins a repressive regime against the Protestant population, forcing Calvinist to flee to England.
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Citation: Editors, Litencyc. "Margaret of Parma resigns the regency of the Netherlands". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 01 February 2011 [https://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=15065, accessed 09 June 2026.]
