France and Austria sign the Preliminary Peace of Villafranca (confirmed in November). By the terms of this treaty, Austria is to cede Parma and Lombardy to France, for subsequent cession to Sardinia. Tuscany and Modena are to be restored and Venice is to remain Austrian. This treaty, which advances French power rather than moving towards Italian unification, leads Count Cavour to resign from his position as Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont.
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Citation: Editors, Litencyc. "Armistice of Villafranca between France and Austria". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 30 December 2011 [https://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=18375, accessed 09 June 2026.]
