As part of the Kulturkampf between the Prussian government and the Church, further May Laws are passed in Germany against Ultramontane clergy. This provokes a response the following March from Pius IX, in the form of the bull 'Quod Nunquam', which symbolically annuls the new laws.
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Citation: Editors, Litencyc. "Further May Laws in Germany against Ultramontane clergy". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 30 December 2011 [https://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=18664, accessed 09 June 2026.]
