In 1916 the American physical chemist Gilbert Newton Lewis (23rd October, 1875 - 23rd March, 1946) published his article on chemical bonding, 'The Atom and the Molecule', in which he formulated his discovery of the covalent bond. His ideas of chemical bonding were built upon by Irving Langmuir (31st January, 1881 - 16th August, 1957), an American chemist and physicist, in his 1919 paper 'The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules'.
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