In 1864 Ulysses S. Grant (27th April, 1822 - 23rd July, 1885) was promoted by President Lincoln to become the Commanding General of the Union Army. By 1864 Grant had already led a series of successful campaigns, including capture of Kentucky and Tennessee and, most significantly, the Siege of Vicksburg in 1863, which had given the Union full control of the Mississippi River and undermined Southern morale.