In his final years, Henry VIII attempted to regain some of the
glory he had enjoyed in the early years of his reign (with, for
example, the Battle of the Spurs of 1513). He allied with the
embattled Holy Roman Emperor Charles V against an alliance of
France and the Ottoman Empire. The war saw heavy attacks by the
Franco-Ottoman forces on the Low Countries and Nice, and, in 1544,
a joint invasion of France. However, by 1546, it had effectively
reached a stalemate, and was eventually ended by the Treaty of
Ardres.
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