After the execution of Charles I in January 1649, his son had
proclaimed himself Charles II, and was crowned King at Scone in
Scotland. He made an alliance with the Scottish Covenanters, who
had been alienated from the increasing radicalism of the English
Commonwealth, and the third British civil war broke out. After
Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth army won a decisive victory at the
Battle of Dunbar in September 1650, the New Model Army occupied
Scotland, including stationing a garrison at Hamilton, in South
Lanarkshire. A group of Covenanters made a surprise attack in the
Battle of Hieton (Scots for 'high town'), but they were easily
defeated.
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