Welcome to the The Literary Encyclopedia

A Unique Digital Environment

The Literary Encyclopedia is a reference work written by scholars and university teachers around the world. It is also a unique digital environment designed to integrate current knowledge of literature and culture and facilitate the understanding of historical contexts and connections.

Scope, Contents and Use in Teaching

Entries in The Literary Encyclopedia are divided into three databases, People, Works and Topics & Events. All articles are aimed at a “higher introductory” level for university / college reading - neither too long nor too short; neither too simple nor too complex. We offer very good coverage of English, American, Canadian, German and Russian literatures as well as substantial and increasing coverage of French, Italian, Japanese, Classical Greek, Latin, Hispanic and East European. (Other major literatures to be added as resources permit.) So far we have published about 39134 completed articles, with a total of about 13.12 million words. We are currently adding around 40 articles to the Encyclopedia every month.

• People - includes basic data on over 6881 people (2761 with full profiles), mainly writers, but also philosophers, scientists, artists, historical figures and others of note. You can browse a list of completed profiles.
• Works - includes over 30777 works (30775 completed), mainly literary, but also historical, philosophical and scientific, which are indexed by date, genre and country. A large part of these are listed for bibliographical purposes, while others will be profiled as the Encyclopedia expands and develops. You can browse a list of completed profiles.
• Topics & Events - lists 16483 historical and literary events, for which it provides 10885 short notes (comprising major acts of parliament, wars, battles, epidemic diseases scientific and technological inventions, cultural shifts, concepts etc.) and 5598 major essays on literary, critical, philosophical and historical concepts, themes and events. You can browse the list of short notes or essays.

We are adding profiles as fast as they can be written, but as these are authored by scholars of standing in their fields you will appreciate that such quality can only be achieved with patience. Icons indicate in each search-results screen if an entry is complete or incomplete. Even where entries have not yet been completed, each 'stub' (open title) is richly stocked with metadata so that it can be searched in simple and advanced ways ? for country, gender, genre, date, etc., or for finding an author's or text's contemporaries. They may also contain listed bibliographies and recommended websites, as well as indications of related content on the site.

The Literary Encyclopedia also includes the following resources:

• contextual Timelines displaying works in relation to historical events.
• detailed Individual chronologies for selected writers which reveal the cultural milieu of each author and allow one writer's life to be compared with up to two others. Each chronology comprises 200-400 biographical events, day-by-day, month-by-month. These are shown within the context of historical events happening in the same period of time as that of the author's life.
• guidance on the most important Secondary reading. We currently list over 16831 titles of recommended critical bibliography, which can be found (where available) at the foot of the article as well as in the right information panel. We work on expanding this section of our database considerably in the future, aiming to reach at least 20,000 such recommendations by the end of 2012.
• Links - over 3236 selected links to quality resources on the Internet.
• Reference groups and related articles which provide wiki-style clusters useful for particular courses (for instance, “African American Drama”; “Children's Literature”; “Dystopian and Apocalyptic Fiction”), or simply join together articles which are related in theme, content and subject-matter.

Functionality

Having been planned from its inception to make the best use of relational databases, The Literary Encyclopedia offers a learning resource and reference work to rival anything in its class.

From the options list which appears in the right panel relative to any article, users can

• list an author's works in date or name sequence
• list all major contemporary authors and texts [contemporaries under 'Context' section]
• add the viewed article to a private “bookshelf”. A user's bookshelves can be viewed in one's personal account, after logging in
• list recommended Internet resources related to the article [web resources under 'Context' section]
• list recommended scholarly books and articles on the topic [recommended reading under 'Context' section]
• call up a detailed day-by-day author chronology where such a chronology exists [author chronology under 'Context' section]
• where appropriate, use a prepared link to view articles on similar or related matters [related articles and related groups sections]
• Users can also save and print articles in PDF format. (To see an example click here.)

Please note that many of the features above are in constant development and are not yet complete for all articles.

Using Advanced Search or Browse, users can

• browse our listing of authors, works, topics & events, and contributors, and sort results in appropriate ways
• generate lists of authors or works according to genre, gender, date and country of origin or country of activity/ publication
• similarly generate lists of literary, cultural and political events by keywords, date and country

In the coming months, two new features will be added. Users will be able to:

• generate lists of an author's contemporaries from the same country or from the world
• generate global searches for recommended web resources by period, country and genre

We believe that the thought and engineering that has gone into The Literary Encyclopedia's architecture makes this publication the most precisely searchable of any such electronic resources. We are always ready to be advised that this is not the case, and then match or exceed any good examples brought to our attention.

Other functions and features include

• personal accounts for all users. If you are a user affiliated to a subscribing institution, you can register on site with your institutional email address, which will automatically be recognised as such and access will be provided for as long as your institution subscribes and/or the user is a member of that institution.
• the ability of users to save searches and articles to their own virtual private “bookshelves”. This will soon be extended to “timelines” and other features we provide.
• the ability for teachers to compile sets of records into a “bookshelf” and send a hyperlink to this bookshelf to students on a particular course
• a much-consulted “Style Book” which offers guidance on correcting grammatical and other errors often found in student essays
• a floating glossary of frequently used critical terms (this is by no means an exhaustive feature and does not replace a dictionary of literary terms)
• direct linking from recommended journal articles to JSTOR and Project Muse (access to the articles will depend on a separate institutional subscription)

Functions of particular interest to Librarians

• cross-searching The Literary Encyclopedia and other electronic resources via Metalib
• COUNTER-compliant user statistics
• OpenURL searching for article title, author firstname and author lastname (atitle, aufirst and aulast)

For Students

For more detailed instructions and tips on how to make the best use of the wealth of functions the LE provides, please consult our Student Guide.

Quality

• all of our authors have research interests in the area they write about.
• many of our authors and editors are among the best in their field.
• our articles are commissioned and approved by an editorial board of more than 50 distinguished professors.
• The Literary Encyclopedia can be cited with confidence in university and college assignments.
• The Literary Encyclopedia was positively reviewed by the American Association magazine Choice in April 2004 and has been recommended by JISC in the United Kingdom since 2006.

Ethics

• The Literary Encyclopedia is published by The Literary Dictionary Company on behalf of its contributors and editors who share ownership of the publication. The Company aims to build the best possible literary reference work for the internet age, and to ensure that those who contribute to it are properly rewarded for the knowledge they invest.
• The Literary Encyclopedia is supplied freely to institutions where the per capita income is below the world average.
• The Literary Encyclopedia sponsors the Emory Elliott Memorial Prize for distinguished undergraduate critical writing.

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