In Germany, a Kulturkampf (cultural struggle) between the Prussian government and the Catholic Church begins, when Otto von Bismarck suppresses the Roman Catholic Department for spiritual affairs.
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Citation: Editors, Litencyc. "Bismarck begins struggle with Catholic Church". The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 30 December 2011 [https://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=18607, accessed 19 March 2024.]