Charles I of England is beheaded at Whitehall in front of a huge crowd, after being tried for high treason and convicted after he refused to enter a plea. His son the Prince of Wales, in exile at The Hague, takes the title of Charles II.
Citation:
Editors. "Execution of Charles I".
The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 01 February 2010
[http://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=364, accessed 21 May 2013.]