With Oliver Cromwell having declared war against Spain the previous year, it was now in Spain's interest to support anything that might undermine or overthrow the present Protectorate government. The self-proclaimed Charles II, son of the executed Charles I, sought support from Spain for his ongoing attempt to regain the throne, and the Treaty of Brussels was signed in April 1656. According to its terms, the Spanish agreed to supply an invasion force, once the English Royalists could guarantee it safe disembarkation at an English port.
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