Get unlimited online access to over 9000 articles written by specialist scholars, 20-30 new articles each month, for only $29.00/year. Or persuade your institution to subscribe on your behalf. Details at SUBSCRIPTIONS.
What's Included in the EncyclopediaWe are delighted to award the first LE Book Prize in the category ‘Literature in languages other than English’ to Jeff Barda’s Experimentation and the Lyric in Contemporary French Poetry (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019), a monograph endorsed by major scholars as a ground-breaking work that reshapes its field of study, “a truly brilliant book that provides the first full account we have of how French poetry has evolved in the course of the past half century” (Marjorie Perloff). Read more
A list of postwar American poets whose profiles we have covered in the LE.
The inner history of the last thousand years is the history of mankind achieving self-expression: this is what philology, a historicist discipline, treats. This history contains the records of man's mighty, adventurous advance to a consciousness of his human condition and to the realization of his given potential.... An inner dream unfolds whose scope and depth entirely animate the spectator, enabling him at the same time to find peace in his given potential by the enrichment he gains from having witnessed the drama.
Erich Auerbach, Philologie und Weltliteratur
The article offers a comprehensive discussion on one of the most influential artistic trends of the 20th century. While its origins lie in efforts by Italian writers to break with the conservative literary canons of the time, its legacy extends far beyond, being instrumental in shaping various movements of European cinema (such as the French New Wave and the British Free Cinema) as well as the gritty neorealism of later Hollywood movies.
An illuminating overview of one of the most prominent literary scandals of the 20th century, concerning Radclyffe Hall’s overt representation of same-sex female desire, one of the first of its kind in English literary history. The trial of The Well of Loneliness (1928) – and its condemnation on charges of obscenity - had a significant impact on public notions of lesbianism in Britain, “crystallizing the range of discourses which had previously circulated on the subject”.
![Seven Years' War [Seven Years War]](https://litencyc.com/images/index/4-seven-years-war.jpeg)
The article is part of a larger group of essays concerning some of the most consequential political and military conflicts that have shaped the modern world, involving, on the one hand, the struggle for dynastic supremacy in Europe and, on the other, the colonial rivalry between Britain and France on the North American continent. Such articles are part of our effort to provide a more granular understanding of the historical contexts that played a crucial role in the development of new literary and cultural movements.
The article proposes to explore abbé Saint-Pierre’s cutting-edge work of political science, Projet pour rendre la paix perpétuelle en Europe (1713) [Project for Bringing about Perpetual Peace in Europe] in light of its filiation with various traditions of British pacifism. This is a timely revival of a visionary project of European peace and power balance which bears – as a recent article in The Economist suggests (“The EU: 1713 edition”, The Economist 21 Aug. 2021) – a striking resemblance to the current ambitions of the European Union.